县域教师城乡流动的隐性风险与防范

Hidden Risks and Preventive Measures in the Urban-Rural Mobility of County-Level Teachers

中文关键词:  城乡师资均衡；县管校聘；教师流动；风险防范

英文关键词:urban-rural teacher balance， county-managed school hiring， teacher mobility， risk prevention

中文摘要:

      历经 10 年的“县管校聘”管理改革推动我国义务教育教师流动步入常态化时期。从教师流动政策的建构与基层实践来看，经由流动政策驱动县域教师合理流动愈加明显。在教师的城乡流动方面，此种政策驱动机制还存在一些潜在风险，表现为“一视同仁”与“削谷追峰”并存的制度风险，“执行过度”与“消极应付”并存的实施风险，“教师退却”与“流动异化”并存的认同风险，“城区分化”与“乡村衰竭”并存的结局风险。为此，可从四个方面探索风险防范的路径：避免数字指标一刀切，督促地方不断改革创新，引导教师对常态流动的认同感，突出并落实指向乡村的均衡立场。

英文摘要:

      Over the past decade， the “county-managed and school-hired” management reform has normalized the movement of teachers in compulsory education in China. From the perspective of the development of teacher mobility policy and the practice at the grass-roots level， this policy-driven county-level teacher mobility has become more and more obvious. However， there are also some potential risks in urban-rural teacher mobility with this policy-driven mechanism， including systemic risks due to “equal treatment” alongside “heightened expectations”， the implementation risks with the coexistence of "transitional execution”and "passive compliance”， the identity risks with the coexistence of “teacher withdrawal” and “mobility distortion”， and the outcome risks with the coexistence of“urban stratification” and “rural decline”. Therefore， we can explore the way of risk prevention from four aspects： avoiding the uniform digital indicators， encouraging continuous local innovation， fostering teacher acceptance of mobility， and emphasizing an equitable stance that prioritizes rural areas.