儿童心智发展的普遍模型 ——裴斯泰洛齐儿童教育理论的整体考察

A Universal Model for Children’s Mental Developmen— A Comprehensive Examination of Pestalozzi’s Theory of Children’s Education

中文关键词:  裴斯泰洛齐；心智发展；直观教学原理；人体力学模型；教育分类理论

英文关键词:Pestalozzi， mental development， principles of intuitive teaching， body mechanics model， theory of educational classification

中文摘要:

      裴斯泰洛齐的儿童教育理论存在一个整体结构，其核心是构建儿童心智发展的普遍模型。该模型旨在描述和解释儿童在认知、道德和身体方面的变化和规律，以此为教育实践提供规范性指导。通过对人性观和儿童观的设定，裴斯泰洛齐指出儿童教育的关键不仅在于揭示人性发育的自然基础，而且在这一基础上设计规范的教学活动。为了强化教学活动的规范性，裴斯泰洛齐提出了直观教学原理、人体力学模型和教育分类理论，它们构成了裴斯泰洛齐儿童教育理论的主体内容。

英文摘要:

      Pestalozzi’s theory of children’s education includes a comprehensive framework centering on constructing a universal model of children’s mental development. This model aims to describe and explain the changes and developmental patterns in children’s cognition， morality， and physicality， thereby providing normative guidance for educational practice. By establishing views on human nature and children， Pestalozzi argues that the key to children’s education lies not only in revealing the natural foundations of human development but also in designing standardized educational activities based on this foundation. In order to reinforce the standardization of this teaching activity， Pestalozzi has proposed the principles of intuitive teaching， the human body mechanics model， and the theory of educational classification. The principle of intuitive teaching focuses on children’s knowledge acquisition， body mechanics model and an educational classification theory， which form the core of Pestalozzi’s theory of children’s education.