论教育惩罚的向善性及其实现

The Goodness of Educational Punishment and Its Realization

中文关键词:  教育惩罚；向善性；功利主义；个体发展

英文关键词:educational punishment，goodness，utilitarianism，individual development

中文摘要:

      教育惩罚的向善性旨在纠正学生的错误行为，使学生改过迁善，促进其道德成长，最终发展成为身心健全的人。当下教育惩罚实践存在“追求工具价值，育人价值式微；囿于硬性规制，漠视学生感受；裹挟负面情绪，惩罚临场失控”等背离教育惩罚向善性的问题。其原因在于教师对惩罚目标的片面认知、忠实制度的行为取向和教学理性的消解。为实现教育惩罚的向善性，促进学生身心健全发展，需要澄明惩罚目标，改善惩罚方式，并且从教师良心和外部制度两个方面规约惩罚强度。

英文摘要:

      The goodness of educational punishment aims to correct students’ wrong behavior, help them change for the better with the correction of their mistakes, promote their moral growth, and help them develop into a healthy person. The following problems exist in the current practice of educational punishment: pursuing tool value, neglect educational value; being restricted by rigid regulations, and ignoring the feelings of students; and holding negative emotions with the punishment becoming uncontrolled on the spot. All these problems deviate from the goodness of educational punishment. The causes lie in teachers’ one-sided cognition of punishment purpose, their behavioral orientation towards the rules of the system and the dissipation of teaching rationality. In order to realize the goodness of educational punishment and promote the development of students’ physical and mental health, it is necessary to clarify the goal of punishment, improve punishment methods and regulate the intensity of punishment from both teacher conscience and external system.