中小学劳动教育的价值、困境及路径

Value, Difficulties and Paths of Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools

中文关键词:  中小学劳动教育；劳动认识；劳动能力；劳动素质；劳动价值观

英文关键词:labor education in primary and secondary schools, labor awareness, labor competence, labor qualities, labor-related values

中文摘要:

      中小学劳动教育对于学生增进“何为劳动”的认识、提升“如何劳动”的能力、健全“善于劳动”的素质、养成“唯有劳动才会幸福”的价值观，进而在劳动中学以成人、促进个体的全面发展具有重要意义。目前的中小学劳动教育需要使学生从劳动的“知”上升到对劳动的“爱”，并由此把对劳动的喜爱转换成生活方式和思想品质，但实际上面临着劳动教育支撑不足的外源性困顿和参与劳动教育“具身”约束的内源性困境。为解决现实困境，实现劳动教育对于学生的主体性关照，需要设定以学生劳动价值观培育为核心的劳动教育目标，设置以学生特点为依据的劳动课程体系，打造以学生全面发展为终极目标的劳动教育格局，构建以学生成长规律为原则的劳动教育机制。

英文摘要:

      Labor education in primary and secondary schools is of great significance for students to increase their understanding of “what is labor”, enhance their competence of “how to work”, improve their quality of being “good at labor”, cultivate the value of “only labor can lead to happiness”, and thus students can grow up in labor education and have an all-around development as a result. At present, the labor education in primary and secondary schools needs to elevate students’ “awareness” of labor to their “love” for labor so that this “love” can be transformed into a way of life and moral quality. However, there exist both exogenous difficulties from the shortage of support for labor education and endogenous difficulties incurred by the “embodied” constraints from the labor education participation. To resolve the practical difficulties and realize the subjective care of the students through labor education, it is necessary to establish the goals of labor education with the cultivation of students’ labor values as the core, set up a labor curriculum system based on the characteristics of students, develop a pattern of labor education with students’ all-around development as the ultimate goal, and construct a labor education mechanism based on the nature of students’ growth.