美国0-3岁婴幼儿托育的素养框架与实施路径

The Competency Framework and Implementation Approach of Care and Education for 0 to 3 Years Old Infants and Toddlers in US

中文关键词:  美国0-3岁婴幼儿；HighScope托育模式；素养框架；实施路径

英文关键词:infants and toddlers of 0 to 3 years old in US, HighScope model, competency framework, implementation approach

中文摘要:

      美国HighScope托育模式围绕“学习品质，社会和情感发展，身体发展和健康，沟通、语言和读写，认知发展，创造性艺术”等领域，建构了婴幼儿发展的素养框架，同时，还从“制订日常计划和托育程序，创设有准备的学习环境，加强成人与婴幼儿的互动，支持婴幼儿的主动学习，强调婴幼儿的观察和评估，注重家庭的文化及与家长的合作，做好婴幼儿托育项目的评估”等方面提出了婴幼儿托育的实施路径。所以，借鉴该模式的经验，我国应着力构建具有中国特色的婴幼儿托育模式，通过厘清婴幼儿身心发展的素养框架，并设计适宜的婴幼儿托育实施路径，从而为婴幼儿提供有效的托育服务。

英文摘要:

      The HighScope model of nursery education in the United States has developed the competency framework for 0 to 3 years old infants and toddlers, centering around the areas of learning, social and emotional development, physical development and health, communication, language and literacy, cognitive development, and creative arts. It has also designed the implementation approach, including developing daily schedules and caregiving routines, creating a prepared learning environment, strengthening the adult-child interactions, supporting the active participatory learning, emphasizing child observation and assessment, focusing on family culture and cooperation with parents, and carrying out infant and toddler program quality assessment. Thus, in reference to the experience of this model, we should make efforts to construct a childcare model with Chinese characteristics, clarify the competency framework of the mental and physical development of our infants and toddlers, and design appropriate implementation approach for childcare so as to provide effective childcare service for our infants and toddlers.