中国古代教育的人本审思

The Think of Humanism in the Education of Ancient China

中文关键词:  人本主义教育；教育原则；教学方法；中国古代

英文关键词:humanism of education, principle of education, method of teaching, ancient China

中文摘要:

      中国传统的儒家文化，特别是早期的儒家文化被认为具有鲜明的人本主义因素。从人本主义观照古代的教育理论和实践，孟子的“性善说”是古代人本主义教育的理论源头；学思结合和知行统一的教育原则倡导以学生为中心，充分调动学生的积极性与主动性，激发学生的学习兴趣和内在潜能；问答法、因材施教和启发诱导的教学方法坚持学生在教学过程中的主体地位，引导学生独立认识、自我探索。古代教育中的“生本”传统具有显著的人本特色，是现代教育可借鉴的传统文化资源。

英文摘要:

      Chinese traditional Confucian culture, especially in the early stage, have distinctive characteristics of humanism. Think of theory and practice in ancient education from humanism, “natural character is good” by Mencius is the beginning of humanism in the ancient education; combination of learning and thought, unify the knowledge and practice are the principle which emphasize the focus is the student in the education and excite the initiative、interesting and potential of student; the method of arousing，asking and answer and educate someone according to his nature ability are all the methods which emphasize the focus in the education is the student, aim is the lead student learn to independence in the study, “student is the focus ” in the ancient education has the most distinct characteristic of humanism.