1. Open Access Statement

Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Natural Sciences) flipped to an open access journal in 2015, using the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. All articles published in the journal from 2015onwards are open access works, which are archived on the journal's official website immediately after publication and are permanently available to all users free of charge. Users may copy, distribute and use these articles under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

Please note that articles published before 2015 are not open access. The copyright of these articles belongs to the sponsor of the journal, Shanghai Normal University, and all rights are reserved by the university. Users who require these articles may access them through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, https://www.cnki.net/) or other platforms on a paid basis.

2. Open Access License

The journal uses the CC BY-SA 4.0 license. Under this license, users may copy and distribute the open access articles of the journal in any media or format, and remix, transform, and build upon the articles for any purpose (even for commercial purpose), provided that users follow the terms of the license, including:

Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made to the article. Users may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the journal endorses the user or his/her use.If the article is remixed, transformed, or built upon, the user must distribute his/her contributions under the same license as the original article. For more detailed information on this license, please visit:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en

3. Copyright Policy

At the time of submission,authors must sign and submit a Copyright Transfer Agreement &Author Declarations. According to this agreement, after an article is accepted by the journal, the author(s) will transfer the full copyright of the article (including but not limited to the rights of reproduction, distribution, information network dissemination, performance, translation, compilation, and adaptation, and all other transferable copyrights) to the sponsor of the journal, Shanghai Normal University. The university will be the copyright holder of the article.

After an article is published in the journal, the author(s) of the article will have the right to use the article under the following circumstances:

(1) Using the article under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

(2) Using the article for other activities permitted and authorized by the sponsor of the journal.

4. Author Self-Archiving

Authors are allowed to store all versions of their article in an institutional or other repository of their choice. In the repository, it should be indicated that the article was originally published inJournal of Shanghai Normal University (Natural Sciences).