大模型时代的补救责任与全球基本收入

Remedial Responsibility and Global Basic Income in the Era of Large Models

中文关键词:  全球正义；民族责任；后果责任；补救责任；全球基本收入；ChatGPT

英文关键词:global justice； national responsibility； consequence responsibility； remedial responsibility； global basic income； ChatGPT

中文摘要:

      大模型技术的发展必然会触及全球正义问题。米勒对于我们思考大模型技术的价值在于，他秉持了 一种极为现实主义的观点，即并非通过激进愿景来强力推动全球平等主义。米勒提及的两类后果责任值得我 们关注，第一类是以 OpenAI 为代表的先进人工智能企业的后果责任，第二类后果责任则需要体现在美国政府 的行动中。米勒所讨论的补救责任对我们整体思考大模型的发展也极为关键。这其中同样存在两种补救责 任，一种是在民族国家内部的补救，一种是在国际社会中的补救。从米勒的底线原则出发，结合近年来被热议 的全民基本收入概念，笔者提出了全球基本收入的概念。全球基本收入是全民基本收入从民族国家向全球社 会外推的自然结果，其基本的逻辑是共同体的放大。笔者进一步提出了一种“攀梯的进步观”，即人类社会的 演进就像是在攀登梯子一样，不断地提高进步的标准。人类社会要推动的全球正义实践，恰恰需要首先实现 最低理想，然后在最大公约数的基础之上不断地接近最高理想。

英文摘要:

      The development of large-scale model technology will inevitably touch upon issues of global justice. The value of Miller’ s perspective on large-scale model technology lies in his highly realistic viewpoint， which is not to forcibly promote global egalitarianism through radical visions. The two types of consequence responsibilities mentioned by Miller deserve our attention. The first type is the consequence responsibility of advanced artificial intelligence enterprises represented by OpenAI， and the second type of consequence responsibility needs to be reflected in the actions of the U. S. government. The remedial responsibilities discussed by Miller are also crucial for our overall consideration of the development of large-scale models. There are two types of remedial responsibilities： one is remediation within a nation-state， and the other is remediation in the international community. Starting from Miller’s bottom-line principle and combining the concept of universal basic income that has been hotly debated in recent years， the author proposes the concept of global basic income. Global basic income is a natural result of extending the concept of universal basic income from the nation-state to the global society， with the underlying logic being the enlargement of the community. The author further proposes a “ladder-climbing progress view”， which likens the evolution of human society to climbing a ladder， continuously raising the standards of progress. The global justice practices that human society aims to promote require first achieving the minimum ideal and then continuously approaching the highest ideal based on the greatest common divisor.