在乡村发现印度的另一种力量：论马哈斯维塔·黛维的部落民写作

The Multi-Facets of Indian History：On Mahasweta Devi’s Tribals Writing

中文关键词:  印度当代文学；部落民；本土知识；进步主义

英文关键词:contemporary Indian literature；tribal people；indigenous knowledge；progressivism

中文摘要:

      印度乡村及部落文化的重要性日益得到主流社会的重视，这一历史性变化也得益于作家们对乡村及部落民的书写。印度孟加拉语作家马哈斯维塔·黛维传承了泰戈尔注重实践的教育理念，延续了印度进步主义的文学传统，注重通过文学暴露现实、改造现实。她走进乡村和边区，描写乡村生活，再现了部落民的历史境遇，反映了印度文化的多样性及现代路径的缺陷。她在猎人部落所传唱的歌谣中发现部落民的活历史，以本土知识建构民族历史，继而打破印度无史的西方认知；在神箭的描述中展示部落民传统的生活方式，再现其所蕴含的反抗精神以及对于部落民身份建构的价值；聚焦部落民的生活与文化，挖掘出未被主流文化同化的部落社会的信仰和哲学，肯定了其在解决现代文明危机中的建设性意义。

英文摘要:

      The importance of rural and tribal culture in India has been increasingly emphasized by the mainstream society，and this historic change also owes a debt to writers’representation of Indian villages and the tribals. Inheriting Tagore’s education concept that puts emphasis on practice and drawing from the literary tradition of Indian progressivism，Mahasweta Devi，an Indian Bengali writer，pays more attention to the relationship between literature and reality，attempting at exposing social issues and interfering in reality through creative writing. She steps into villages and rimlands，depicts the lives of common people in the rural areas and re-historicizes their circumstances，based on which her writings reflect the diversity of Indian culture and the inefficiency of modernization. She discovers the living history of the tribals in the ballads sung by the hunter tribe，and thus constructs the history of the nation with local knowledge and deconstructs the western stereotype that India has no history. She also illustrates the traditional lifestyle of the tribals in the description of the arrow of God，and reemphasizes the spirit of resistance and its value for the tribals’identity construction. Focusing on the life and culture of the tribals，Devi unearths the beliefs and philosophies of the tribal society that have not yet been assimilated by the mainstream culture and affirms the great merits of these beliefs and philosophies in solving the crisis of modern civilization.