双重虚构：古史辨派的神话与历史观

Double Fiction: The Concept of Myth and History of “Gushibian” School

中文关键词:  古史辨；神话；历史；层累；分化

英文关键词:Gushibian, myth, history, accumulation, differentiation

中文摘要:

      作为新一代知识分子，古史辨派学者深受五四新文化运动科学主义影响，对中国古史持全盘否定态度，欲采用民俗学方法重构以历史书写为载体的科学的中国古代史体系，其学术意图带有明显的颠覆性与建构性。古史辨派将历史视为汉代以前以文字形式表述的历史事实，而不是以口传或图像形式出现的历史，亦将神话限定在文献表述的叙事范畴内，表明了其重视历史文献与神话文本的认知态度。一方面，他们强调中国神话形象由“层累”与“分化”两种方式演变而成，神话形象演变与时间具有密切关联；另一方面，他们同时强调中国古史由神话的“层累”与“分化”而形成，以此突出中国早期历史的虚构性与建构性。由此可以看出，神话与历史被古史辨派视为虚构性产物，两者本质上是二元一体的，而不是二元对立的。

英文摘要:

      As a new generation of intellectuals, the scholars of the “Gushibian” school were deeply influenced by the scientism of the May 4th New Cultural Movement. They took a total negative attitude towards Chinese ancient history and wanted to adopt folklore methods to reconstruct the scientific ancient Chinese history system based on historical writing. Therefore, its academic intentions were obviously subversive and constructive. The “Gushibian” school regarded history as historical facts expressed in written form before the Han Dynasty instead of appearing in an oral or a graphic form. The school also limited myths to the narrative category of documentary expressions, and indicated that the school attached importance to historical documents and texts of myths. On the one hand, the school emphasized that the Chinese mythological image was evolved in two ways: “accumulation” and “differentiation”. The evolution of mythical image was closely related to time. On the other hand, the school also emphasized that the ancient Chinese history was formed by the “accumulation” and “differentiation” of myths so as to highlight the fictional and constructive nature of early Chinese history. It can be seen that myth and history were regarded as fictional products by the “Gushibian” school, and the two were not the binary, but the binary integration in one.