生产劳动与仪式劳动：数字时代政治经济学与 生命政治学辩证法

Productive Labour and Liturgical Labour： The Dialectics of Political Economy and Biopolitics in the Digital Age

中文关键词:  生产劳动；仪式劳动；数字时代；资本论；福柯；新自由主义；阿甘本

英文关键词:productive labour； liturgical labour； digital age； Capital

中文摘要:

      对当代数字资本主义下的数字劳动的分析，需要回溯到马克思在《资本论》中关于生产劳动的讨论。在 马克思阅读了舒尔茨、尤尔和拜比吉的作品之后，他提出不是所有个体的劳动都属于生产劳动。生产劳动是在 资本主义工业生产和交换中形成的抽象化劳动，是物的因素和人的因素的中性化结合。福柯在《生命政治的诞 生》中观察到马克思将个体劳动抽象化为生产劳动的过程，但福柯进一步指出，新自由主义的“人力资本”观念将 这种抽象化的生产劳动再次具体化为人力资本的经营，这实际上是一种伪个体化的镜像。而阿甘本用荣耀的仪 式劳动补充了福柯关于人力资本的生命政治治理理论中的缺失环节，他认为仪式劳动是使生产劳动成为可能的 前提。因此，在数字资本主义下，形成了政治经济学的生产劳动和生命政治学的仪式劳动的辩证法。若要打破 数字资本主义的桎梏，我们就需要消解由仪式劳动所构建的资本主义生命政治治理的镜像。

英文摘要:

      The analysis of digital labour under contemporary digital capitalism requires a return to the discussion of productive labour in Marx’s Capital， where， after reading the works of Schulz， Juul and Baibigi， Marx proposed that not all individual labour is productive labour， and that productive labour is the abstract labor formed in capitalist industrial production and exchange， which is the neutralization of material factors and human factors. Foucault observes in “The Birth of Biopolitics” Marx’s process of abstracting individual labour into productive labour， but Foucault further points out that the concept of “human capital” in neoliberalism re-specifies this abstract productive labour into the operation of human capital， which is actually a pseudoindividualized mirror image. Agamben， on the other hand， supplements the missing link in Foucault’s human capital’s biopolitical governance with the liturgical labour of glorification， arguing that liturgical labour is a prerequisite for making productive labour possible. Thus， a dialectic of political economy’s productive labour and liturgical labour in biopolitics has developed under digital capitalism. To break the shackles of digital capitalism， we need to dissolve the mirror image of capitalist biopolitical gover? nance constructed by liturgical labour.