在思想与行动之间：脑机接口行动及其心身之辩

Between Thought and Action： BCI-Actions and the MindBody Debate

中文关键词:  脑机接口；行动因果理论；具身性；身体行动；心理行动

英文关键词:brain-computer interface （BCI）；the causal Theory of Action ； embodiment； bodily action； mental action

中文摘要:

      脑机接口的出现革新了人类的行动方式——以思行事，这为传统的行动理论带来了挑战。一种观点认为，脑机接口行动并非身体行动，而是具有外部结果的心理行动；另一种观点则认为，触发脑机接口行动的直接原因并非行动体的意向状态，而是其想象力或注意力。这些观点均与标准的行动理论相悖，因此，行动理论亟待修正。实际上，这些矛盾源于对心身概念及其关系的误解，其后果是掉入二元论陷阱。将脑机接口行动视作身体行动相较于心理行动更为贴切，未来的脑机接口技术若能充分提升用户的感觉反馈，它便有望成为一种高度具身化的技术。人们无须构建全新的行动理论以适应脑机接口，只需对现有的行动理论进行合理阐释与拓展。

英文摘要:

      Brain-computer interfaces （BCI） have changed the way of humans actions， and humans can do things directly through their thoughts. These facts have brought challenges to traditional theory of action. Some scholars believe that BCI-actions are “mental act with an external effect”， because they do not need a bodily movement. Other scholars believe the direct causation of BCI-actions are agent’s imagination or attention， instead of intentionality. These views show BCI-actions are inconformity to the standard action theory， therefore， the action theory should be revised. In fact， this dilemma stems from a misunderstanding of the concept of mind， body and its relationship， which leads to falling into the trap of dualism. BCI-actions should be interpreted as bodily actions rather than mental actions. BCI will become a highly embodied technology if the user’s sensory feedback could also be improved. There is no need to construct a completely new theory of action to accommodate BCI-actions， and it is suffi? cient to reasonably interpret and extend the existing theories of action.