论互联网法院的功能定位与程序创新

On the Function Orientation and Procedure Innovation of Internet Court

中文关键词:  互联网法院；互联网诉讼；在线诉讼；民事诉讼；电子法庭

英文关键词:internet court, internet litigation, online litigation, civil litigation, electronic court

中文摘要:

      互联网法院作为从事“网上案件网上审”的专门法院，其设置的背景乃是人们需要通过互联网审判实践的探索来形成和完善互联网空间治理秩序，实现诉讼程序在效率提高和正义供给方面的革命性进步。互联网法院规则探索的维度有二：一是探索互联网空间治理的实体规则，二是探索在线诉讼的程序规则。互联网法院的规则探索在路径上应采二阶思维的模式。就程序规则的探索而言，第一阶的思维乃是在传统程序规则的语义范围内，以互联网技术来改造传统诉讼程序，以提高其运行效率；第二阶的思维是建构出某种与传统诉讼程序不同且与传统诉讼程序并行的在线诉讼程序，为当事人提供一种更加便捷的解纷路径。此外，为消解程序创新与法律规范安定性之间的内在紧张，应坚持增量保障的原则，也即程序创新乃是为了给当事人提供更加充分的程序保障，这种增量保障，同时内含对当事人程序选择权的保障，也即应给当事人合理的程序选择上的自由，鼓励当事人以诉讼契约的方式来选择互联网法院在第二阶思维下所创新的诉讼程序。

英文摘要:

      As a special court engaged in “online trial of online cases”, the setting background of Internet court is that people need to form and improve the order of Internet space governance through the exploration of Internet trial practice, so as to realize the revolutionary progress in the efficiency improvement and justice supply of litigation procedures. There are two dimensions to explore Internet court rules: one is to explore the entity rules of Internet space governance; the other is to explore the procedural rules of online litigation. The rule exploration of Internet court should adopt the mode of second-order thinking. As far as the exploration of procedural rules is concerned, the first level of thinking is to transform the traditional procedure with Internet technology to improve its operation efficiency within the semantic scope of the traditional procedure rules; the second level of thinking is to construct a kind of online procedure different from the traditional procedure and parallel with the traditional procedure, so as to provide a more convenient way for the parties to resolve disputes.In addition, in order to eliminate the internal tension between procedural innovation and the stability of legal norms, we should adhere to the principle of incremental protection, that is, procedural innovation is to provide the parties with more adequate procedural protection, which includes the protection of the parties’ procedural choice right, that is, the parties should be given reasonable freedom of procedural choice, and the parties should be encouraged to take action of contract approach to choose the Internet court in the second level of thinking under the innovative litigation process.