意识的凝聚与扩散——关于机器理解的“中文屋”论题的解答

The Proliferation and Condensation of Consciousness——A Solution to the “Chinese Room” Argument of Machine Understanding

中文关键词:  意识；扩散；凝聚；机器理解；中文屋；认知坎陷；人工智能

英文关键词:consciousness, proliferation, condensation, machine understanding, Chinese room, artificial intelligence

中文摘要:

      对意识的传统理解会导致“中文屋”等悖论产生：屋内的人和部件虽然完全不懂汉语，作为整体却可以与外界用汉语顺畅交流。从触觉大脑假说出发，人类意识从原意识起就具有凝聚与扩散的特性，且可通过认知坎陷连续、动态发展，不断强化对自我与外界的理解。人不是一个可计算的物理系统，但其理解过程却可迁移至机器。目前的人工智能便可看作一种人类意识凝聚的结果，而“中文屋”所呈现出的，正是程序书（编著者）和屋内人意识共同凝聚的结果。故未来的挑战就在于人工智能能否开出认知坎陷，又能否与人类的认知坎陷兼容共进。

英文摘要:

      The traditional understanding of consciousness makes the “Chinese room” paradoxical. The people in “Chinese room” and its components cannot understand Chinese, but as a whole they can communicate in Chinese with the outside. Starting from the skin brain hypothesis, human consciousness, such as the original consciousness, has the characteristics of proliferation and condensation, and constantly strengthens the understanding between self and the outside by means of cognitive attractor continuity and dynamic development. Human is not a computable physical system, but its comprehension process can be transferred to machines. The current artificial intelligence can be regarded as the result of human being’s consciousness condensation, while what the “Chinese room” presents is the result of common consciousness condensation of programs and people in the “Chinese room”. The future challenge is whether artificial intelligence produces cognitive attractor and is compatible with human’s cognitive attractor.