阿尔都塞“反历史主义”马克思主义哲学观的四重解读

The Quadruple Interpretations of Althusser’s “Anti-historicism” Marxist Philosophy

中文关键词:  阿尔都塞；反历史主义；理论主义；马克思主义哲学观

英文关键词:Althusser, anti-historicism, theorism, Marxism philosophical view

中文摘要:

      科学主义与历史主义之争是理解西方马克思主义的一条重要线索，双方争论的实质是科学主义与历史主义两种马克思主义哲学观的争论。阿尔都塞用理论主义反对历史主义的经验主义认识论，在历史观上批判历史主义马克思主义哲学观将哲学与政治紧密联系，驳斥历史主义将马克思主义哲学解读为历史唯物主义，在方法论上用同时态的结构主义方法批判历史主义的历时性方法。在对历史主义的反驳中，显示出阿尔都塞的马克思主义哲学观仍局限于辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的解读模式，早期西方马克思主义理论家所开启的马克思主义实践哲学意蕴被遮蔽了，阿尔都塞在过分强调马克思主义科学主义和理论主义的情结中割裂了马克思主义哲学与历史、理论与实践的辩证统一关系。

英文摘要:

      The debate between scientism and historicism is an important clue to understand the western Marxism. The essence of the clash is the debate of two ways of approaching Marxism philosophy, namely practical philosophy and theorism. Based on dualism and structuralism, Althusser criticizes the view of historicism Marxist philosophy of Lukacs, Gramsci and Kroch. It is obvious that Althusser is conditioned Stalin pattern to interpret Marxism philosophy, and he not only criticizes historicism philosophy within the framework of Hegel, but also ignores the essence differences between the historicism of early western Marxist theorists with Hegel. Althusser pays too much emphasis on the scientism and theorism of Marxism, which leads to dialectical unification relations of philosophy and history, and theory and practice are separated.