政策人类学“五性统一”的文化整体观

The Cultural Holism for Unification of Five Characteristics in APAP

中文关键词:  政策人类学；学术内涵；五性统一；政策科学；文化整体观

英文关键词:APAP, academic connotation, unification of five characteristics in APAP, policy science, cultural holism

中文摘要:

      政策人类学在学术内涵上按照一般系统论原理探索“五性要素”——“内在问题导向性”“参与观察性”“互为他者性”“利益公共性”“政策科学性”的内在整体性逻辑。政策人类学的“整体性”逻辑在于其社会实践性、多元民主性与部分真理性的统一。在这一方面，它传承了政策科学的全部精髓与核心内涵。政策人类学沿袭拉斯韦尔关于科学服务于民主的初衷，遵循为实现人的尊严的民主的学问的学科定位，始终坚定“民主”这一质的规定性。19世纪末期晚清驻外使臣郭嵩焘所著《使西纪程》，与明末时期意大利传教士利玛窦所著《利玛窦中国札记》，无不贯通了“科学”、“民主”与“部分的真理”之间的基本逻辑与内在本质，无疑成为诠释政策人类学“政策科学性”的不朽典籍，闪烁着政策人类学“五性统一”文化整体观的思想光芒。

英文摘要:

      As a new discipline, anthropology for Public Administration on Policy-making (APAP) can be interpreted from different aspects. In terms of the academic connotation, it researches “the unification of five characters of APAP” according to the principle of general system theory, which includes “inner problem-oriented research”, “participation-observation for others”, “otherness for both interviewer and interviewee”, “publicity of interests” and “scientificalness of policy-making”. It is the social practicality that makes the “holism” logic in APAP different from the politics and socio-cultural anthropology. It also has the essential connotation of “system-element- structure- function”, and it is connected with a certain structure form. In this case, it is an interdisciplinary system with the function of public governance and policy science. If we treat “inner problem-oriented research” as a research motive, “participation-observation for others” as a research method, “otherness for both interviewer and interviewee” as a research attitude, “publicity of interests” as a research purpose, and “scientificalness of policy-making” as a research test, it shows science serves for democratic policy science and the social practice pursues partial truth, and the holistic logic in it will be integrative, spiral and endless, which also will create a virtuous circle. Accordingly, there is no doubt that they are the profound academic origin and also inexhaustible, rich and colorful wisdom crystallization in the creativity research area of APAP. Diary of West Europe written by Guo Songtao and De Christiana Expeditione apud Sinas Suscepta ab Societate Jesu written by Matteo Ricci are examples to prove the idea.