墨西哥尤卡坦社会主义运动始末及其成因（1917—1924）

The Beginning，End，and Causes of the Socialist Movement in Yucatan，Mexico（1917-1924）

中文关键词:  墨西哥；尤卡坦；社会主义运动；费利佩·卡里略；萨尔瓦多·阿尔瓦拉多

英文关键词:Mexico；Yucatan；socialist movement；Felipe Carrillo Puerto；Salvador Alavardo

中文摘要:

      1917—1924 年，在墨西哥尤卡坦州发生了一场社会主义运动，其所建立的政权被宣布为“美洲的第一个社会主义政权”，运动的领导人费利佩·卡里略·普埃尔托被称为墨西哥社会主义最伟大的推动者。这场运动之所以发生，是因为早期社会主义思想在墨西哥得到了传播，玛雅人的村社传统有利于社会主义思想的安家，大革命后尤卡坦的经济结构和社会结构潜藏着革命要求，阿尔瓦拉多将军的前期改革奠定了基础，社会主义政党和“抵抗联盟”组织发挥了先锋作用，费利佩·卡里略·普埃尔托的个人因素至关重要。这场革命虽然为时不长，最终失败，但其促进了当时尤卡坦经济和社会结构的改变，并对卡德纳斯时期的全国改革起到了推动作用。作为社会主义的遗产，它对墨西哥乃至整个拉丁美洲 21 世纪的社会主义运动仍产生着不朽的影响。

英文摘要:

      From 1917 to 1924，a socialist movement took place in Yucatan，Mexico，which established a regime that was declared“the first socialist regime in Latin America”，and whose leader，Felipe Carrillo Puerto，has been called the greatest promoter of socialism in Mexico. The movement occurred because that the early socialist ideas spread in Mexico，the traditional“ejido”of the Mayans favored the settlement of socialist ideas，the economic and social structure of the Yucatán after the Revolution potentially demanded revolution，the General Alvarado’s early reforms laid a solid foundation，the socialist parties and the“League of Resistance”played a pioneering role，and the personal factor of Felipe Carrillo Puerto were crucial. Although the revolution was short-lived and ultimately failed，it transformed the economic and social structure of Yucatán at that time，promoted the reform of the whole country during the Cárdenas period，and as a legacy of socialism，continues to have a monumental impact on the socialist movement in Mexico and even the whole Latin America in the 21st century.