残疾人与中国近代残疾人教育事业的发展

The Development of Disabled and their Education in Modern China

中文关键词:  近代；聋哑；残疾人学校；教育

英文关键词:the modern history, surdimutism, school for the disabled, education

中文摘要:

      残疾人在中国近代残疾人教育史上是一个重要的群体。1910年，先天聋人周天孚在杭州挂牌了中国近代历史上第一所由国人创办的私立残疾人学校，开创了中国人、尤其是残疾人创办私立残疾人学校的新时代。此后，一批最早接受了学校教育的残疾人胸怀为同患造福的理念，克服种种困难，创办残疾人学校，教授残疾学生文化知识、交流手段、职业技术，鼓励他们克服自卑心理、自立自强、服务于社会。自20世纪30年代至1949年，残疾人创办了多达40所残疾人学校，取代传教士和绅商成为发展近代残疾人教育事业的最重要社会阶层，在办学模式、残疾人教育理念、教学方法等方面做了诸多有益的尝试与创新。

英文摘要:

      The disabled people formed an important group in the history of education for the disabled in modern China. In 1910, Zhou Tianfu, a congenitally deaf person, established the first private school for the disabled in Hangzhou. This created a new era of establishing schools for the disabled by Chinese, especially by the disabled. Since then, a number of disabled people who had ever received school education overcame various difficulties to establish schools for the disabled with the belief of helping each other. They taught disabled students cultural knowledge, communicative skills, and professional technologies. They encouraged students to overcome their feeling of inferiority, to be self-reliant and serve the society. From 1930s to 1949, the disabled people founded as many as 40 schools. They replaced missionaries and business people, and became the most important social class in the development of modern education for the disabled. The disabled people had made useful and innovative attempts in teaching modes, educational philosophy, and teaching methods.