“一V（就）VX”的构式解析及其认知机制

Construction Analysis and Cognitive Mechanism of “yiV（jiu）VX”

中文关键词:  构件；概念整合；超预期；主观化；象似性

英文关键词:construction component; conceptual integration; beyond expectation; subjectivization; iconicity

中文摘要:

      在解析构件特征的基础上，基于概念整合观，提炼出“一V（就）VX”的构式义为动作一经发生达到的结果或状态超出说话人的心理预期。该构式呈现出很强的主观化表达，形式上常与语气副词和主观化标记共现，表现出说话人对动作事件的主观态度和认识。构式的存在具有认知的理据性，从“一V”到“VX”的认知和构建反映的是“背景/参照物”到“焦点/目的物”的认知关系。人们在识解构式义时遵循象似性原则，构式中重复动词不仅强化和突显了动作行为及其相关结果，也使前后两个构件之间形成现实结果与心理预设的对比，并产生超预期的功能识解。

英文摘要:

      On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of components, and the theory of conceptual integration, the constructional meaning of “yiV（jiu）VX” can be summarized as the result or state achieved once the action occurs exceeds the psychological expectation of the speaker. The construction shows a strong subjective expression, co-exists with modal adverbs and subjective markers in form, and reflects the speaker’s subjective attitude and understanding of the action event. The existence of constructions has cognitive rationale, and the cognition and construction from “yiV” to “VX” reflects the cognitive relationship from “background/reference” to “focus/target”. We also follow the principle of iconicity when construing the construction. The verb-copying in constructions not only strengthens and highlights the action behavior and its related results, but also makes a comparison between the actual results and the psychological presuppositions between the two components before and after, which produces the construal that the result or state of the action event is beyond the speaker’s expectation.