明清商人会馆的地域整合及官民互动——以晋商为考察对象

The Regional Integration of Merchants’Guild Halls and Interaction between Officials and Citizens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties — Jin Merchants as the Object of Investigation

中文关键词:  明清；晋商会馆；地域整合；官民互动

英文关键词:Ming and Qing dynasties；Jin merchants’guild hall；regional integration；interaction between officials and citizens

中文摘要:

      以籍贯为纽带的会馆，是明清商业贸易中的一个重要现象，其中遍布全国水陆要冲和中心城市的晋商会馆尤具典型性。商人会馆的建立，首先是基于货物转运和同乡同业商人团结互助的需要。它有实体的馆驿、细致的规章，在保障自身运作的同时，对商业行为亦构成相当程度的规范作用。与此同时，面对前现代商业旅途的艰难、财富命运的捉摸不定，会馆还肩负着价值构建和观念整合的功能，以锻造商人群体的安全感和团结感，农耕社会本土的神灵信仰是完成这种构建的基础资源。在传统中国的社会与官僚国家二元结构里，作为社会市场领域的一种机制，从理论上对立的会馆与官僚国家，实际上存在着密切的合作和倚赖关系。

英文摘要:

      The guild hall，which is linked by the place of origin，is an important phenomenon in the commercial trade of the Ming and Qing dynasties，in which Jin merchants’guild hall all over the country in the key land and water points and the central cities are especially typical. The establishment of merchants’guild halls is firstly based on the need for the transportation of goods and the solidarity of merchants from the same hometown and the same trade. The guild hall has physical premises and detailed rules and regulations that safeguard its own operations and at the same time constitute a considerable degree of regulation of commercial behavior. At the same time，in the face of the difficulties of the pre-modern business journey and the uncertainty of the fate of wealth，the guild halls also shoulder the function of value construction and conceptual integration，in order to forge a sense of security and unity among the merchant community，and the belief in the local gods of the farming society is the basic resource to complete this construction. In the traditional Chinese dichotomy of society and the bureaucratic state，the theoretically opposed guild hall and the bureaucratic state，as a mechanism in the realm of the social market，actually exist in a close relationship of cooperation and dependence.