从词语到概念：Lumières与“启蒙运动”

Lumières and the “Enlightenment”: From Expression to Concept

中文关键词:  Lumières；启蒙运动；启蒙运动的法语表达；法国思想史；概念史

英文关键词:Lumières; Enlightenment; expression of Enlightenment in French; French intellectual history; history of concept

中文摘要:

      法语中用Lumières专门指称“启蒙运动”或“启蒙时代”的做法大约始于20世纪50年代；这以前，法国学界一般用“哲学时代”“理性时代”来称呼启蒙时代，或是直接称之为“18世纪”。文章试图厘清lumière一词在17、18世纪法国的语义演变，简要分析18世纪的文人学者如何使用该词，并解释Lumières为何会在20世纪下半叶成为“启蒙运动”的代名词，从而揭示出lumière从普通词语表达变成概念的复杂过程。

英文摘要:

      The use of “Lumières” in French to refer specifically to the “Enlightenment” or “Age of Enlightenment” began around the 1950s. Prior to this time, French scholarship generally referred to the Age of Enlightenment as the “Age of Philosophy” or the “Age of Reason”, or simply as the “18th Century”. This paper attempts to clarify the semantic evolution of the term “lumière” in 17th and 18th century France, briefly analyze how it was used by 18th century literary scholars, and explain how “lumière” became synonymous with the “Enlightenment” in the second half of the 20th century, thus revealing the complex process by which “lumière” changed from a common word expression to a concept.