对中国古代法律体系的再认识

Re-understanding of ancient Chinese legal system

中文关键词:  法律体系；律令体系；典例体系；认识误区

英文关键词:legal system； system of statutes and decrees； system of cases； misunderstood ideas

中文摘要:

      中国古代法律体系从形成到不断完善，大体经历了从“律令体系”转化为“典例体系”的四个发展阶段。秦汉时期，初步形成律为“常经”、令为“损益”的律令法律体系；魏晋至宋，演进为以律典、令典为纲的律令法律体系；元代弃律、令，典例法律体系初步形成；明清时期，典例法律体系确立和进一步完善。古代法律体系有其特定的内涵和构成要素，对法律体系内涵理解错位，忽视“覆盖全部现行法律规范”是构成“法律体系”的必备要素，忽视“律”的内容、功能及法律地位的变迁，忽视法律体系的定名原则，是造成对古代法律体系界定发生偏差的基本原因。

英文摘要:

      From its formation to continuous improvement， the ancient Chinese legal system has generally gone through stages of development， from system of statutes and decrees to system of cases. During the Qin and Han dynasties， a legal system of laws and decrees was initially formed， in which the law was "constant classics" and the order was "profit and loss". From Wei Jin to Song Dynasty， it evolved into a legal system of laws and regulations with laws and decrees as the key link； The legal system of abandoning laws， decrees and examples in Yuan Dynasty was initially formed. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties， the legal system of typical cases was established and further improved. The ancient legal system has its specific connotation and constituent elements. Misunderstanding the connotation of the legal system， ignoring "covering all existing legal norms" as an essential element of the "legal system"， ignoring the changes in the content， function and legal status of "law" and ignoring the naming principle of the legal system are the basic reasons for the deviation in the definition of the ancient legal system.