《民法典》视域中区块链的法律性质与规制

Legal Nature and Regulation of Block Chain

中文关键词:  区块链；区块链技术；智能合约；大数据和算法；区块链规制

英文关键词:block chain, technology of block chain, intelligent contracts, big data and algorithms, regulation to block chain

中文摘要:

      区块链是互联网高速发展的产物，目前，理论和实务界在定义区块链时，多数研究存在把区块链和区块链技术混用的情形，往往从技术层面，以区块链的技术特征来定义区块链，认为区块链是一种具有分类记账、去中心化、不可篡改等特征的计算机系统，或者是一种数据库和技术数据。未能正确反映区块链的本质，淡化了“人”在区块链中的重要地位和作用，更深层次掩盖了区块链以民事主体为主导所引发系列法律关系的本质。应该以法律理性定义区块链：区块链是由两个以上主体参与，以数据为支撑，以算法为工具，去中心化、分式记账、不可篡改，以发生特定交易行为为目的的民事法律行为。区块链技术只是实现法律行为的工具，遵循“技术中立”原则，区块链的本质是一种行为模式，是一种民事法律关系。区块链不是法外之地，应该运用技术伦理和法律，让区块链发挥更大的作用。

英文摘要:

      Block chain is a product of the rapid development of the Internet. At present, experts and scholars in the theoretical and practical circles mix block chain and technology of block chain in most studies when defining block chain. The block chain is often defined according to its technical characteristics that it is a computer system, a database or the technical data with the characteristics of classified bookkeeping, de-centralization, non-tampering. The above definition downplays the important position and role of “human” in the block chain, and deeply conceals the essence of a series of legal relationships dominated by civil subjects, thus failing to correctly reflect the essence of the block chain. In this connection, we should use rational legal thinking to define the block chain: the block chain is a civil legal act involving more than two subjects, supported by data and using algorithms as tools, which is decentralized, classified bookkeeping, non-tampering, and aims at the occurrence of specific transactions. Block chain technology follows the principle of “technology neutrality” and is only a tool to realize legal acts. The essence of block chain is a mode of behavior and a civil legal relationship. The block chain is not a place outside of judicial reach, and we should play the role of technical ethics and law, so that the block chain can play a greater role.