秦汉的乞鞫与覆狱

Jiju and Fuyu in Qin and Han Dynasties

中文关键词:  诉讼制度；乞鞫；疑狱；覆狱

英文关键词:procedure, jiju, disputed case, fuyu

中文摘要:

      秦汉刑事诉讼的程序包括立案、审讯、乞鞫、疑狱上谳和上级覆审等多个环节。初审机关审判后，非疑狱，案犯辞服，鞫状后即论决。在审判过程中，郡府二千石官在疑狱与乞鞫案件上的作用可能有所区别。乞鞫与覆狱是一个诉讼过程的两个方面，两者的诉讼主体不同。岳麓秦简司法文书《为狱等状四种》的题签应当反映了这个问题。“覆”是一种司法制度，与復案之“復”有所区别。上级直接立案侦察、皇帝指派特使审讯都是覆的范畴。“復”“復之”“復案”也是由上级指派人员对诉讼中的案件进行调查，并将调查结果向上级汇报，但“復”并不能对当事人直接产生法律后果。

英文摘要:

      Criminal procedure in Qin and Han Dynasties consists of case registration, interrogation, jiju, report of false and unjust cases, and rehearing. After the first trial, if not disputed, the suspect also pleaded guilty and the verdict was made. During the trial, the role of middle rank officials whose salary were 2000 dan grain a year was different in terms of disputed cases and jiju. Jiju and fuyu (覆狱) were two aspects of the procedure. The inscription of judicial document Weiyu Dengzhuan Si Zhong in Yuelu Qin bamboo slips reflected this issue. Fu（覆）was a judicial system, and was different from Fu (復). Fu（覆）referred to the cases that the higher authorities directly placed a case on file and the emperor assigned special envoys to deal with the case, while Fu (復) also meant that the higher authority assigned officers to investigate and reported the case, and Fu (復) would not exert a direct impact on the parties.