集体谈判散论

A Study on Some Issues of Collective Bargaining

中文关键词:  集体谈判；主体；集体合同；集体争议；僵局

英文关键词:collective bargaining, subject, collective contract, industrial disputes, deadlock

中文摘要:

      集体谈判与集体协商是同一概念，应该统一使用集体谈判。平等协商有广义和狭义之分，广义平等协商应该以商谈替代之，而仅涉及非谈判事项的狭义平等协商应该以劳资协商替代之。集体谈判权归属于劳资双方，劳方私法主体是工会或职工群体或工会群体，其中工会是基本主体，资方私法主体是雇主或雇主组织或雇主群体。工会是宪法上的基本权利主体、社会法上的权利主体、私法上的当事人，雇主是宪法上的基本权利主体、行政法上的相对人、社会法上的义务主体、私法上的当事人或第三人。职工是私法上的第三人、社会法上的关系人。集体合同是具有规范性效力的特别合同，兼具合同和基准性法规二重性。集体合同具有双重效力，社会法效力为主，表现为集体基准效力；私法效力居于次要地位，表现为合同效力。应对集体谈判僵局的主要方式是产业行动和调解（调解也是处理产业行动的主要方式）。

英文摘要:

      Collective bargaining and collective consultation are of the same notion, and collective bargaining should be used as a standard term. Equal consultation in its broad sense should be replaced by negotiation, and equal consultation in its narrow sense, which relates to items other than collective bargaining, should be replaced by labor-management consultation. The rights of collective bargaining are shared by labor and management, whose subject of labor is trade union, union group or employee group, of which, trade union is the fundamental subject; and the subject of management is employer or its association, of which, the employer may be one party or the third party in private law, the third party, subject of fundamental rights, relevant party and administrative counterpart in public law; and employee is the third party in private law and relevant party in public law, belong to the category of related parties. Collective contract is such a special kind of contract that has the binding force of norms, which has double binding forces: the binding force of labor standards in public law, and the binding force of contract in private law. The fundamental forms to break the deadlock of collective bargaining are industrial action and mediation.