地方立法主体扩容：现实需求与面临挑战

The Expansion of Local Legislature: Demands and Challenges

中文关键词:  地方立法主体；设区的市；依法治国；法制统一；立法能力

英文关键词:local legislature, cities with subordinate districts, law-based governance, the unity of legal system, legislative ability

中文摘要:

      党的十八届四中全会提出要“依法赋予设区的市地方立法权”，《立法法》据此做出了相应修改。地方立法主体扩容，不仅是弥补原立法体制不足的客观需要，而且是全面推进依法治国、全面深化改革以及促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的内在需求，具有重要且长远的意义，但同时对法制统一、地方立法能力和立法质量也带来了风险和挑战。在扩大地方立法主体范围的过程中，必须本着积极稳妥、分步推进的指导思想，坚持维护宪法权威和法制统一的原则，尽可能明晰中央与地方、地方人大及其常委会与同级政府的立法权限，完善立法监督机制，加强程序控制，把好地方立法质量关，使之真正发挥促进改革和法治的作用。

英文摘要:

      The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed that all the cities with subordinate districts should be empowered the legislative authority in accordance with the law. The Legislation Act has been revised accordingly. This measure, which is of great significance, is not only the need to reform the defects of previous legislative system, but also the demand to comprehensively promote law-based governance, to deepen the reforms, and to push the modernization of national governance system and governance ability. Meanwhile, it may lead to risks and challenges, such as endangering unification of legal system and lacking of legislative ability. In the process of expanding the scope of the local legislature, it is necessary to adhere to the guiding ideology actively, prudently and gradually, to stick to the authority of the Constitutional Law and the principle of the unity of legal system, to clarify the central and local legislative authority as far as possible, to improve legislative supervision, to strengthen the process control, and to guarantee the quality of local legislation, so that the expansion of local legislature can really boost reform and law-based governance.