对行动后果主义的可能辩护

The Possible Defense of Act Consequentialism

中文关键词:  行动后果主义；后果最大化；人格完整性；决策程序论

英文关键词:act consequentialism; consequence maximization; personality integrity; decision-making process

中文摘要:

      斯马特提出了一种从全人类视域出发的普遍仁爱最大化的行动后果主义，这一理论受到了以威廉斯为代表的道义论的批评，威廉斯认为实践这一最大化后果原则，将会破坏人的道德人格完整性，从而产生人格异化。后果最大化是否应当成为评价人类行为的标准？道义与后果追求是否不可两全？贝尔斯、彼得·辛格以及斯马特本人对于行动后果主义的批评进行了辩护，无论这些辩护是否成功，这些辩护都为我们深入理解行动后果主义以及人类的道德困境提供了有益的思考。

英文摘要:

      J.J.C.Smart puts forward act consequentialism that maximizes universal benevolence from the perspective of all human beings, a theory criticized by the deontological theory represented by Williams, who argues that practicing this principle of maximizing consequences will destroy the integrity of human moral personality and thus produce personality alienation. Should the maximization of consequences be the standard to evaluate human behavior? Are morality and the pursuit of consequence not compatible? Bales, Peter Singh and Smart himself have defended the criticism of act consequentialism. No matter whether these defenses are successful or not, these defenses provide us with useful thinking for our in-depth understanding of act consequentialism and human moral dilemma.