德与力的结合：王充的法度概念及法理依据

The Combination of Virtue and Force: Wang Chong’s Concept of Law and Its Jurisprudential Basis

中文关键词:  王充；论衡；法理；法度；德；力

英文关键词:Wang Chong; Lunheng; jurisprudence; law; virtue; force

中文摘要:

      在中国法理学的演进历程中，王充的贡献集中体现在法度概念的建构上。王充憧憬的法度包含了两个子概念：秦国式法度与魏国式法度。其中，秦国式法度亦即“强国之法度”，其主要内容是严刑峻法，其功能主要是富国强兵。魏国式法度亦即“弱国之法度”，其主要内容是德礼仁义，其功能主要是道德感召。在王充看来，这两种法度都不足以表达法度概念的完整内涵，因为它们各有所短。完整的法度应当“德力具足”，应当是德与力的结合。按照王充的叙述，由德与力结合而成的法度，可以在儒家、法家、道家三种思想谱系中找到相应的法理依据。更具体地说，儒家的人性论、法家的功利论、道家的自然论，都可以为“德力具足”的法度概念提供法理支撑。当然，在儒、法、道三家之间，王充对儒家的理据有更多的依赖与认同。

英文摘要:

      In the evolution of Chinese jurisprudence, Wang Chong’s contribution is concentrated on the construction of the concept of law. The law envisioned by Wang Chong contains two sub-concepts: Qin-style law and Wei-style law. The Qin-style law is also known as the “law of the powerful state”, whose main content is strict punishment and harsh law, and its function is mainly to enrich the country and strengthen the army. The Wei-style law is also known as the “law of the weak state”, whose main content is morality, propriety, benevolence and righteousness, and whose function is mainly moral inspiration. In Wang Chong’s view, both are not sufficient to express the complete connotation of the concept of law, because each of them has its own shortcomings. A complete law should be a combination of virtue and power. According to Wang Chong’s account, the law of virtue and power can be found in the three ideological genealogies of Confucianism, Legalism, and Taoism. More specifically, Confucianism’s theory of human nature, Legalism’s theory of utilitarianism, and Taoism’s theory of nature can all provide jurisprudential support for the concept of “sufficiency of virtue and power”. Among Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, Wang Chong relied more on and identified with the rationale of Confucianism.