临终之梦的哲学意涵——以孔子与柏拉图为例

The Meanings of Philosophers’ “Dying Dreams”——A Comparative Study of Confucius’ and Plato’s Dreams before Their Death

中文关键词:  孔子；柏拉图；临终之梦；哲梦；中西之辨

英文关键词:Confucius, Plato, philosopher’s death, philosophical dream, the distinction between China and the West

中文摘要:

      孔子和柏拉图的思想对人类社会的影响，不只取决于他们的言论/著作本身的流传，还与其门徒、再传弟子及后世思想家对他们思想及形象的解读和再塑造有很大关联。文章试图将关于此两人的比较研究落实到两位贤哲的“临终之梦”上来，它们分别是孔子的“楹间坐奠之梦”和柏拉图的“树间天鹅之梦”。这种带有一定神秘色彩记述的意味，及由此塑造出的两人的“异端形象”，均少有人论及，将之进行对举而比较研究，更是罕有其人。文章试图从对它们的追溯和解读出发，通过比较研究，探求这样的记载和阐释说明了什么，以及它们不同的内容和呈现方式对东西方思想的不同进路构成了什么样的哲学意涵。

英文摘要:

      Both Confucius and Plato’s thoughts have a far-reaching influence on the human society. The influences are not only reflected in their words and books, but also presented in their images as great thinkers which are portrayed by their disciples and later scholars. Scholars have done researches on these two philosophers’ thoughts and lives. However, few have noticed the meanings of two philosophers’ dream before their death. The two dreams are respectively Confucius’ “the dream of his own sitting between two pillars” and Plato’s “the dream of swans among trees”. The paper aims to make a comparative study of two philosophers’ dream before their death and then tries to demonstrate some similarities and differences between Chinese philosophy and European philosophy.