荀子“明于天人之分”之再考察

A Study on Xunzi’s Opinions on Identification of Man and Heaven

中文关键词:  天人相通；天人之分；天人勾连；知天；天德

英文关键词:integration of heaven and man, differences between heaven and man, interlink of heaven and man, understanding heaven, virtues of heaven

中文摘要:

      荀子的“明于天人之分”不是“切割”之“分”，是“联系”之“分”和“复归”之“分”。“天”无“意”而“人”有“愿”，这是“天人”之所“分”，而“天”、“人”皆有“成”有“得”，则是“天人”之所“同”；“天”之所“成”所“得”是“万物各得其和以生，各得其养以成”，而“能参”之“人”，则以此“成”此“德”为之所“为”之所“求”的价值原则，故称为“天德”。进而，“人”也是“天”之“不为而成，不求而得”之一，其“形具而神生”而可知“天功”、效“天德”，成“王者之政”。由此，荀子对“天”、“人”之间的勾连作出了新的理解，重建了天人关系的学说，在哲学上完成了一次革命性突破。

英文摘要:

      When it comes to the philosophical proposition differences between heaven and man, Xunzi does not emphasize the differences between heaven and man, but integration of them. Heaven does not have willingness, but man does, and this is the difference between heaven and man. Both heaven and man incline to gain their ends so that everything is itself and could realize its aim. Therefore, the moral person is the one who could understand heaven and follow the virtues of heaven. That is, the moral person practices just like heaven who does not force others to carry out his will but reigns over everything by the light of nature. The paper holds that Xunzi makes a new interpretation of the relationship between heaven and man, and his interpretation is a philosophical breakthrough.