| 摘要: |
| 假高粱(Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.)是世界十大恶性杂草之一.黑高粱(S.almum Parodi)和高粱(S.bicolor(L.)Moench)是假高粱的两种近缘种,其中黑高粱有入侵性,高粱则为栽培植物,不表现出入侵性.为了解影响植物入侵能力的生物学因素,比较了高粱属3种植物根尖分生组织细胞的染色体、细胞核、细胞大小和细胞有丝分裂指数.结果表明,高粱染色体平均投影面积最大,其次是黑高粱,假高粱的最小;就细胞和细胞核大小而言,都是高粱最大、其次是黑高粱和假高粱;在25~35 ℃的温度范围内,高粱根尖分生区细胞的有丝分裂速率最低,假高粱的最高.3种植物的种子(颖果)以高粱最大,黑高粱和假高粱的显著小,幼苗相对生长速率以高粱最小,假高粱的最高.3种植物的细胞分裂速率与其染色体、细胞核、细胞和种子大小存在显著相关,表明入侵性植物往往具有较小的分生组织细胞、细胞核和种子,但是有相对高的细胞分裂速率和幼苗相对干重.因此,根尖分生组织细胞学指标在高粱属植物入侵能力评估上有潜在应用价值. |
| 关键词: 假高粱 黑高粱 高粱 细胞学指标 生态学意义 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31070479);上海市科委基础研究重点项目(10JC1412100) |
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| Comparison of cytological indexes of Sorghum halepense,S.almum and S. bicolor and its ecological significance |
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ZOU Manyu1, LI Na1, GUO Shuiliang1, YIN Liping2
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1.College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shanghai Normal University;2.Technical Center for Animals,Plants and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
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| Abstract: |
| Sorghum halepense is one of the world′s top ten vicious weeds.S.almum and S.bicolor are two cogeneric species of S.halepense.S.almum is a weedy species too,while S.bicolor is a cultivated plant,without weediness.We compared some cytological indexes,such as the karyotype,the size of karyons and cells,the mitosis rates of apical meristematic cells of the three Sorghum species,in order to clarify the biological factors that take a role in the invasiveness of plants.The results show that S.bicolor has the largest average chromosome projection area,followed by S.almum,and S.halepense has the smallest one.As for the size of cells and karyons,S.color has the largest cells and karyons,followed by S.almum,and S.halepense has the smallest ones.Within 25~35 ℃,the mitosis rate of the apical meristematic cells of S.bicolor was the lowest,while that of S.halepense was the highest.The invasiveness of the three focal species are distinctively related with their chromosomes,karyons,cells,seed sizes and mitosis rates,supporting the viewpoint that the plants with smaller meristematic cells and karyons have higher invasiveness.Therefore,the meristematic cytological indexes may have a potential value in prediction of the invasiveness the Sorghum. |
| Key words: Sorghum halepense Sorghum Almum Sorghum Bicolor cytological indexes ecological significance |
